Citing References

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Professional organizations like the Modern Language Association (MLA), the Universit of Chicago Press, and the American Psychological Association (APA), establish the documentation standards for most scholarly publishing in the U.S. Sample MLA, APA, and Chicago citations are shown below for document types found in LexisNexis® databases. The example citations are shown as if all articles were found in the LexisNexis Academic Database. In most cases, by removing the web URL part of the citation, the example turns into a citation for a print version. However, in cases such as a Company Dossier report, there is no print equivalent and you must cite the database itself as your source.  
 
Professional organizations like the Modern Language Association (MLA), the Universit of Chicago Press, and the American Psychological Association (APA), establish the documentation standards for most scholarly publishing in the U.S. Sample MLA, APA, and Chicago citations are shown below for document types found in LexisNexis® databases. The example citations are shown as if all articles were found in the LexisNexis Academic Database. In most cases, by removing the web URL part of the citation, the example turns into a citation for a print version. However, in cases such as a Company Dossier report, there is no print equivalent and you must cite the database itself as your source.  
  
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The rules for citing online documents are as changeable as the online publishing environment itself. Find out which format is preferred by your instructor, then select the relevant items from the bibliographic data section found at the top of each html file.   Typically this section will provide more information than you need in your citation.
+
The rules for citing online documents are as changeable as the online publishing environment itself. Find out which format is preferred by your instructor, then select the relevant items from the bibliographic data section found at the top of each html file. Typically this section will provide more information than you need in your citation.
  
 
'''All Citation Examples are from the Latest Versions of the Style Guides'''<br>
 
'''All Citation Examples are from the Latest Versions of the Style Guides'''<br>
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==Legal Sources==
 
==Legal Sources==
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'''Supreme Court Cases'''
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===Supreme Court Cases===
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'''MLA'''<br>
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Case title, U.S. Reports citation, page numbers, docket number, name of the court, year of decision, Internet address, and date of accessing the site
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<blockquote>Fullilove v. Klutznick. 448 U.S. 448. 448-554. No. 78-1007. US Supreme Court. 1980. Online.  LexisNexis® Academic. (11 Feb. 2010).</blockquote>
  
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MLA lists the case title, U.S. Reports citation, page numbers, docket number, name of the court, year of decision, Internet address, and date of accessing the site
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'''APA'''<br>
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Case title, U.S. Reports citation, year of decision, and Internet address.
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<blockquote>Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (1980) [Online] Retrieved from [http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic].</blockquote>
  
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<blockquote>Fullilove v. Klutznick. 448 U.S. 448. 448-554. No. 78-1007. US Supreme Court. 1980. Online.  LexisNexis® Academic. (5 August 2007).</blockquote>
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'''Turabian'''<br>
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Case Name, Reports Citation (Abbreviated Name of Court Year of Decision) LexisNexis main URL (accessed date for Turabian).  
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APA lists the case title, U.S. Reports citation, year of decision, and Internet address.
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<blockquote>Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (Supreme Court of the United States 1980) http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic (accessed February 13, 2010).</blockquote>  
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+
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<blockquote>Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (1980) [Online] Available: [http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic].</blockquote>
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'''U.S. Code'''
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===U.S. Code===
  
 
MLA lists the title number, statute book of the U.S. Code, section, year, publication medium, name of computer service, and date of access.
 
MLA lists the title number, statute book of the U.S. Code, section, year, publication medium, name of computer service, and date of access.

Revision as of 14:56, 23 February 2010

Contents

MLA, APA, and Chicago/Turabian Style

Professional organizations like the Modern Language Association (MLA), the Universit of Chicago Press, and the American Psychological Association (APA), establish the documentation standards for most scholarly publishing in the U.S. Sample MLA, APA, and Chicago citations are shown below for document types found in LexisNexis® databases. The example citations are shown as if all articles were found in the LexisNexis Academic Database. In most cases, by removing the web URL part of the citation, the example turns into a citation for a print version. However, in cases such as a Company Dossier report, there is no print equivalent and you must cite the database itself as your source.

The rules for citing online documents are as changeable as the online publishing environment itself. Find out which format is preferred by your instructor, then select the relevant items from the bibliographic data section found at the top of each html file. Typically this section will provide more information than you need in your citation.

All Citation Examples are from the Latest Versions of the Style Guides
APA 6th Edition
MLA 7th Edition
Turabian 6th Edition/Chicago 15th Edition

Basic Bibliography Formatting Rules

URLs to the database or website are not completely necessary. Usually, the more information you provide, the better. However, when using URLs - especially for LexisNexis Academic! - it is very important to provide the URL to the database's home page. DO NOT copy and paste the URL that shows up in the browser bar when you are viewing the article.

Remember, the URL for the home page of LexisNexis Academic is: http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic

MLA

  • Place the list of works cited at the end of the paper.
  • Center the title, "Works Cited", one inch from the top of the page.
  • Double space between the title and the first entry.
  • Double space both within and between entries.
  • Begin each entry on the left margin.
  • Indent subsequent lines one-half inch (approximately five spaces)
  • Alphabetize by the author's (or editor's) last name.
  • Entries without an author are alphabetized by title.


APA

  • Place the reference list at the end of the paper.
  • Center the title, "References" one inch from the top of the page.
  • Double space between the title and the first entry.
  • Double space both within and between entries.
  • Begin each entry on the left margin.
  • Indent subsequent lines one-half inch (approximately five spaces)
  • Alphabetize by the author's (or editor's) last name.
  • Entries without an author are alphabetized by title.

News

Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers

MLA
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Periodical Title Volume number. Issue number (Date of publication): Page number range. Database Name. Medium of Publication. Date of Access. <URL>.
Examples:

Wildstrom, Stephen H. "A Big Boost for Net Privacy." Business Week 5 April, 1999: 23. Online. LexisNexis® Academic. 5 August 2009. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic>
Liswood, Laura A. "Gender politics and the Oval Office; Why don't women run for president?" Baltimore Sun 31 March, 1999: 23A. Online. LexisNexis® Academic. 5 August 2009. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic>

APA
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Date of publication). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. Retrieved from URL of database homepage

Wildstrom, S.H. (1999, Apr. 5 ). A big boost for net privacy. Business Week, p. 23. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic
Liswood, Laura A. (1999, Mar. 31) Gender politics and the Oval Office; Why don't women run for president? Baltimore Sun, pp. 23A. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic

Turabian/Chicago
Author. "Article Title." Journal/Newspaper Title volume (date): section, page; available from Database name, <Site/Path/File> [Access date] .

Rosenthal, Phil. "Last Spin for Michael J. Fox." Chicago Sun-Times, Late Sports Final Edition (23 May 2000): Section 2 [newspaper on-line]; 31. available from LexisNexis Academic <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic> [29 June 2009].

Business Sources

Company Dossier

MLA
Author(s)/Editor(s), if given. "Title of the Article." Provider of the Report (Date of publication): inclusive page numbers. Name of database. Medium of publication consulted. Date accessed.

LexisNexis, "Harley Davidson, Inc. Company Dossier." LexisNexis Academic (2010): 1. Company Dossier. Web. 21 Jan. 2010.

APA
Author/Editor. Title of Profile . (Date of publication). Retrieved from Persistent link or Bookmark

LexisNexis. Harley Davidson, Inc. (2010). Retrieved January 21, 2010 from LexisNexis Academic. http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic

Turabian
It is very rare that you would ever use Turabian style to cite company information. However, if you do need to, go with the same citation form as citing a webpage.
Author(s). Name of Page [online]. Date Accessed. <url> [cited year day month].

LexisNexis. Harley Davidson Inc. Company Dossier [online]. 2010 21 January. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic>. [cited 2010 22 Feb].

Hoover's In-Depth Company Records

MLA
Author(s)/Editor(s), if given. "Title of the Article." Provider of the Report (Date of publication): inclusive page numbers. Name of database. Medium of publication consulted. Date accessed.

Hoover's Inc. "Harley Davidson, Incorporated: In-Depth Record" LexisNexis Academic (16 Feb. 2010): 1. Company Dossier. Web. 21 Feb. 2010.

APA
Author/Editor. (Year, Month Day of Publiction). Title. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.

Hoover's Inc. (2010, February 16). Harley Davidson, Incorporated: In-depth record. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.

Turabian
It is very rare that you would ever use Turabian style to cite company information. However, if you do need to, go with the same citation form as citing a webpage.
Author(s). Name of Page [online]. Date Accessed. <url> [cited year day month].

Hoover's, Inc. Harley Davidson Inc. In-Depth Report [online]. 2010 16 February. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic>. [cited 2010 22 Feb].

Investext Reports

MLA
Analyst Name. "Title of the Report." Provider of the Report (Date of publication): inclusive page numbers. Name of database. Medium of publication consulted. Date accessed.

Horowitz,Ian. "ARCHER-DANIELS-MIDLAND CO." Rafferty Capital Markets (11 Feb. 2010): 1-3. LexisNexis Company Dossier. Web. 21 Feb. 2010.

APA
Analyst Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of Report. Report Provider. Retrieved Month Day, Year from LexisNexis Academic database.

Yang, E.A. (2010, February 3). Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. Oppenheimer and Co. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from LexisNexis Academic database.

Turabian
It is very rare that you would ever use Turabian style to cite company information. However, if you do need to, go with the same citation form as citing a webpage.
Analyst. Name of Page [online]. Date Accessed/Publication Date if Known. <url> [cited year day month].

Horowitz,Ian. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. Investext Report [online]. 2010 11 February. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic>. [cited 2010 22 Feb].

Legal Sources

Supreme Court Cases

MLA
Case title, U.S. Reports citation, page numbers, docket number, name of the court, year of decision, Internet address, and date of accessing the site

Fullilove v. Klutznick. 448 U.S. 448. 448-554. No. 78-1007. US Supreme Court. 1980. Online. LexisNexis® Academic. (11 Feb. 2010).

APA
Case title, U.S. Reports citation, year of decision, and Internet address.

Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (1980) [Online] Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic.

Turabian
Case Name, Reports Citation (Abbreviated Name of Court Year of Decision) LexisNexis main URL (accessed date for Turabian).

Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (Supreme Court of the United States 1980) http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic (accessed February 13, 2010).

U.S. Code

MLA lists the title number, statute book of the U.S. Code, section, year, publication medium, name of computer service, and date of access.

42 US Code. Sec. 405. 1998. Online. LexisNexis® Academic. 5 August 2007.

Legal Citation Style

Legal writing generally follows the Bluebook Uniform System of Citation. In LexisNexis Academic, you can retrieve most legal documents (cases, statutes, law review articles, etc.) using the standard citation. Help with citations form ats is provided on the Federal and State Cases form and on the Shepard's Citations form. The Shepard's form includes an interactive "citation format assistant" feature that will help you use the proper format for each of the legal sources covered.

Related Resources

Many colleges and universities have created excellent guides to citation.

General

Long Island University APA Citation Guide

University of Wisconsin Writing Center

Legal

Government Publications

University of Memphis Guide to Citing Government Publications


Comments

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